Exploratori Warship

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear Sirs,hello!:
In the Regia Marina during the Great War 1914-18 had one type of warship named by the Italians "exploratori",the "exploratori" was a great destroyer,she had more than 2.500 Tons displacement,really the "exploratoris" were small cruisers.Anybody can to put here some information about the "exploratori" warships.Much thanks,yours:

Pedro Ruíz

[culverin]

Exploratori loosely translated into English means exploration-now there is a surprise.
There was no ship type, group, class or individual ship by this name so maybe it is an affectionate name given to one of their best ships, the QUARTO.
Most Navies would have been proud to operate this super scout, but alas she was never further developed.

[dorupantos]

The italian name for this type of this large destroyers was "ESPLORATORE LEGGERO" . Look in Romanian Royal Navy for "MARASTI" and "MARASESTI" destroyers (They where "AQUILA"-class destroyers(esploratore leggero)) .
Glad to see your interest for this class of ships , dear PEDRO RUIZ !

[dorupantos]

I think you have also seen "Italian ships in Romanian Royal Navy" !

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear Dorupantos,hello!:
Much thanks for your fast reply,yes "exploratori" was a type of a great destroyer that it was in service in the Italian Navy in the "Great War" and some units of this type destroyer were in service in the Second World War,concretly these warships were in the Red Sea with base in Massawa harbour.I didn´t know that the "exploratori" were in service in the Romanian Navy,much thanks for to say me this information,it is important date.


I believe that our friend Culverin is in a small mistake,I use the term "exploratori" because it is the name with the Italians named it.I have sought dates about the "exploratori" Class destroyer in the Italian Navy and the dates of these warships isn´t too large.Notwithstanding I am going to seek information about these ships.

Best regards,yours:

Pedro

[culverin]

4 AQUILA class scouts ordered by Rumania in 1913 from Pattison, Naples.
Acquired by Italy after outbreak of war with Italian names 1st-

AQUILA ex VIFOR to Nat Spain 1939 as MELILLA bu 1950
FALCO ex VISCOL to Nat Spain 1939 as CEUTA bu 1949
NIBBIO ex VARTEZ to Rumania 1-7-1920 as MARASESTI bu mid 1960s
SPARVIERO ex VIJELIE to Rumania 1-7-1920 as MARASTI bu mid 1960s
3-6" and 4-3" 4-17.7"TT and upto 44 mines. Allthe armament as built was pretty decrepit but the ships performed well enough on 1850 tons, 310 feet, twin screw turbines of 40,000 shp giving 35-37 knots. Crew 7 plus 140.

QUARTO was still much the better ship.

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear friend Culverin,hello!:
Much thanks for your information.

Best regards:
Pedro

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear Sirs,hello!:
I have found one article about the Italian "exploratori" destroyers,the article must be very good but the problem is that it is written in Italian language;it belongs to the Italian Wikipedia.My Italian isn´t too good,if anybody can to traslate to English language this article then everybody would can enjoy to read this article.


L'esploratore era una classe di navi da guerra, che nella Regia Marina venne progettata e costruita a partire dal 1909 fino ai primi anni venti, come risposta a unità analoghe già presenti nelle flotte di Germania, Francia e Gran Bretagna. Gli esploratori avevano compiti di avanscoperta rispetto alla squadra o flotta di cui facevano parte, in un'epoca in cui la ricognizione aerea era inesistente, limitata o scarsamente efficace.

Caratteristiche [modifica]
Le caratteristiche fondamentali di queste unità dovevano quindi essere una grande velocità e manovrabilità e un armamento adeguato a sostenere lo scontro con unità nemiche similari. L'autonomia e le caratteristiche nautiche potevano essere diverse a seconda del teatro operativo in cui si prevedeva l'utilizzo (fondamentalmente l'Adriatico nella prima guerra mondiale, il Mediterraneo ed eventualmente l'Atlantico nella seconda). Non era invece ritenuto necessario né un armamento di attacco verso navi maggiori (grandi incrociatori e navi da battaglia) in quanto questo tipo di contatto, potenzialmente letale per l'esploratore, doveva in linea di principio essere evitato, né una corazzatura di protezione che avrebbe inutilmente appesantito lo scafo.
Nella realtà, le caratteristiche specifiche delle varie classi di esploratori che svolsero servizio nella Regia Marina furono piuttosto varie, modificandosi nelle diverse epoche e inglobando alla fine unità con le caratteristiche degli esploratori, degli incrociatori leggeri, dei cacciatorpediniere di squadra, degli esploratori leggeri. Formarono quindi un "tipo" di naviglio piuttosto eterogeneo, non solo lungo l'arco della storia, ma anche nell'ambito delle rispettive epoche operative: molte di queste unità furono fornite di tubi lanciasiluri, di dispositivi per la posa mine e per il lancio di torpedini da getto, mentre alcune erano dotate di una corazzatura leggera (e, peraltro, scarsamente efficace).
Di fatto, la maggior parte degli esploratori venne riclassificata nel 1938 come cacciatorpediniere, mentre i pochi di stazza superiore alle 3000 t vennero in epoche varie riclassificati come incrociatori leggeri.
Storia [modifica]


Il Regio Esploratore Quarto in navigazione nel 1925
Il primo esploratore della Regia Marina fu il Quarto, impostato nel 1909 (inizialmente classificato come nave da battaglia di 4a classe), varato nel 1911 (come esploratore) ed entrato in servizio nel 1912. La sua vita operativa si svolse prevalentemente nel corso del primo conflitto mondiale e nell'intervallo tra le due guerre. Pur essendo riclassificato incrociatore leggero nel 1938, fu radiato dai quadri nel 1939 e partecipò al secondo conflitto mondiale solo come bersaglio per esercitazioni, in quanto le sue caratteristiche obsolete non gli consentivano di entrare nel teatro bellico.
Successivamente al Quarto, nel 1911 la Regia Marina si dotò degli esploratori della classe Bixio (Nino Bixio e Marsala), navi senza grandi caratteristiche innovative e gravate da seri problemi di propulsione. Ebbero una vita operativa breve e poco intensa e furono radiati tra il 1927 e il 1929.
Dovendo rapidamente approntare altre unità, la Regia Marina decise di modificare i progetti di alcuni cacciatorpediniere in costruzione, trasformandoli in un nuovo tipo di naviglio: gli esploratori leggeri con dislocamento compreso tra le 1000 e le 1500 t. Vennero così via via approntate la classe Poerio (Alessandro Poerio, Cesare Rossarol e Guglielmo Pepe) nel 1914, la classe Mirabello (Carlo Mirabello, Carlo Alberto Racchia e Augusto Riboty) nel 1915-1916 e la classe Aquila (Aquila, Sparviero, Nibbio e Falco) nel 1916-1919, inizialmente costruita per il Regno di Romania. Si trattava di navi complessivamente ben riuscite che svolsero egregiamente i compiti per cui erano state costruite ed ebbero una lunga vita operativa: in particolare due unità della classe Mirabello (Mirabello e Riboty) parteciparono attivamente anche al secondo conflitto mondiale al quale il solo Riboty sopravvisse e fu radiato nel 1950.


Il Regio Esploratore Leone in navigazione
La successiva classe Leone (Leone, Tigre, Pantera, Leopardo e Lince – gli ultimi due mai varati) fu approntata solo nel 1923-1924: per quanto ben costruite e sintesi dell'esperienza derivante dai precedenti eploratori, erano navi già concettualmente obsolete. Durante la seconda guerra mondiale per le loro caratteristiche vennero ritenute adatte all'uso nel Mar Rosso dove vennero inviate. Le sorti rapidamente sfavorevoli del conflitto in quella zona ne segnarono il destino: furono autoaffondate tutte e tre ai primi di aprile 1941.
Con la costruzione della classe Leone sembrava doversi concludere la storia degli esploratori: i tempi erano definitivamente mutati e la ricognizione era ormai appannaggio consolidato dell'aviazione. Ciononostante la Regia Marina decise nel 1928 di dotarsi di nuove unità moderne dello stesso tipo: vennero così progettati e costruiti a partire dal 1928-1929 i 12 esploratori leggeri della classe Navigatori (Luca Tarigo, Lanzerotto Malocello, Leone Pancaldo, Antonio da Noli, Ugolino Vivaldi, Antoniotto Usodimare, Emanuele Pessagno, Nicoloso da Recco, Nicolò Zeno, Giovanni da Verazzano, Alvise da Mosto e Antonio Pigafetta).
Nel corso degli anni furono inquadrate, come esploratori, nella Regia Marina anche alcune unità provenienti da flotte di altra nazionalità: esploratore Libia (ex incrociatore Drama della Marina turca) nel 1912; esploratori Bari (ex incrociatore leggero Pillau della Marina Imperiale germanica), Ancona (ex incrociatore leggero Graudenz della Marina Imperiale germanica) e Taranto (ex incrociatore leggero Strassburg della Marina Imperiale germanica) nel 1920 (tutte queste unità, di stazza compresa tra le 3800 e le 4900 t, furono riclassificate incrociatore leggero nel 1929); esploratore leggero Premuda (ex cacciatorpediniere V.116 della Marina Imperiale germanica) nel 1920 (riclassificato cacciatorpediniere nel 1938); esploratore leggero Cesare Rossarol 2° (ex cacciatorpediniere B.97 della Marina Imperiale germanica) nel 1920 (riclassificato cacciatorpediniere nel 1929); esploratori Venezia (ex scout Saida della Marina Imperiale germanica) e Brindisi (ex scout Helgoland della Marina Imperiale germanica) nel 1920.


L'esploratore Luca Tarigo, prima unità della classe Navigatori, in navigazione negli anni trenta.
La maggior parte di questi esploratori non svolse mai l'attività che la loro qualifica suggeriva: infatti, nella prima guerra mondiale l'impegno della Regia Marina fu prevalentemente in Adriatico, mare di limitate dimensioni in cui non si verificarono mai le condizioni operative per i movimenti delle grosse squadre navali, alle quali gli esploratori dovevano fornire la necessaria ricognizione; nella seconda guerra mondiale le condizioni operative erano già storicamente e tecnologicamente mutate, in quanto la ricognizione era già divenuta di pertinenza della Regia Aeronautica (per quanto il suo supporto alle operazioni navali italiane fu oggettivamente molto scarso) e le unità del tipo esploratore vennero rapidamente riconvertite ad altro uso (in massima parte di scorta ai convogli o di supporto agli sbarchi truppe). Quasi tutti gli esploratori di vecchia generazione della Regia Marina esaurirono la loro vita operativa tra le due guerre. Svolsero attività bellica nella seconda guerra mondiale solamente il Bari (affondato nel giugno 1943), il Taranto (autoaffondato il 9 settembre 1943, recuperato dai tedeschi e definitivamente affondato il 23 ottobre 1943), il Mirabello (affondato per urto di mina nel maggio 1941) e il Riboty (sopravvissuto al conflitto e radiato nel 1950). Tra quelli di nuova generazione ebbero vita breve Leone, Tigre e Pantera (affondati nell'aprile 1941), mentre tutti i Navigatori (dei quali il solo Da Recco sopravvisse al conflitto), riclassificati cacciatorpediniere nel 1938, svolsero un'intensissima attività bellica, impiegati in molteplici ruoli (scorta di squadra, appoggio sbarchi truppe, posa campi minati, trasporto materiali e truppe, soccorso ad altre unità navali) ma soprattutto nell'estenuante e rischiosa attività di scorta ai convogli.
Bibliografia [modifica]
• Franco Bargoni. Esploratori Italiani. Roma, Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare ,1996

[astraltrader]

Hi guys - this is the best I can do with the last post from Pedro Ruiz.!

Dear Sirs,hello!:
I have found one article about the Italian "exploratori" destroyers,the article must be very good but the problem is that it is written in Italian language;it belongs to the Italian Wikipedia.My Italian isn´t too good,if anybody can translate this article to English language then everybody would enjoy to read this article.

The Explorer Class of Warship was designed and built from 1909 until the early 1920`s as a response to similar warships already serving in the navies of Germany France and Great Britain. They fulfilled duties as scouts to the fleet they belonged to at a time when air reconnaissance was either limited in effectiveness or even non-existent.

Features

The key features of these units had to be a great speed and maneuverability and armaments appropriate to support the clash with similar enemy units. The autonomy and nautical features could be different depending on the operating theatre where you used (basically the Adriatic in world war I, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic in the second). It was deemed necessary nor an armament of attack ships more (large cruisers and battleships) because this type of contact, potentially lethal to the Explorer, should in principle be avoided or armour protection that would unnecessarily burdened the hull.
In fact, the specific characteristics of the various classes of explorers who took service in the Navy were rather various, changing in different eras and incorporating the end unit with the characteristics of the explorers, light cruisers, destroyers of team of explorers light. They formed a "type" of naviglio rather heterogeneous, not only throughout history, but also within the framework of their respective eras: many of these units were equipped with torpedo tubes, pipes of devices for the laying mines and torpedoes from Jet, while some were fitted with armour lightweight (and, moreover, ineffective).
In fact, most of the explorers was reclassified in 1938 as destroyers, while the few over 3,000 t were in various epochs reclassified as light cruisers.


History

The Regio Explorer Fourth in navigation in 1925
The first Explorer of Regia Marina was the Fourth, set in 1909 (initially classified as battleship of 4th class), launched in 1911 (as Explorer) and entered into service in 1912. Its operational life took place mainly during the first world war and in the range between the two world wars. Despite being reclassified light cruiser in 1938, he was down in 1939, and participated in the second world war only as a target for tutorials, because its features obsolete not allowed to enter the theater.
After the Fourth, in 1911 the Regia Marina nation of explorers of class Bixio (Nino Bixio and Marsala), ships without major innovative features and suffering from serious problems of propulsion. They had a short lifespan and little intense and were struck between 1927 and 1929.
Having quickly prepare other units, the Navy decided to change some destroyers projects under construction, turning them into a new type of ships: explorers light displacement between 1,000 and 1,500 t. were gradually implemented to simplify the class Poerio (Alexander Poerio, Cesare Rossarol and Guglielmo Pepe) in 1914, the class Mirabello (Carlo Mirabello, Carlo Alberto Racchia and Augusto Riboty) in 1915-1916 and class Eagle (Aquila, red kite and sparrow hawk, Falco) in 1916-1919, initially built for the Kingdom of Romania. It was successful overall vessels that played very well the tasks for which they had been built and had a long operational life: in particular two units of Mirabello class (Mirabello and Riboty) also participated actively in the second world war to which the only Riboty survived and was then struck in 1950.


The Regio Explorer Lion in navigation
The next class lion (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Leopard and Lynx – the last two ever launched) was finalised only in 1923-1924: Although well-constructed and synthesis of the experience gained from previous eploratori, were already conceptually obsolete ships. During World War II for their characteristics were deemed suitable for use in the Red Sea where they were sent. The fortunes quickly unfavourable conflict in that region there were capped destiny: autoaffondate all three in early April 1941.
With the construction of the class Lion seemed to conclude the story of the Explorers: times were permanently mutated and reconnaissance was now the preserve consolidated aviation. Nevertheless the Regia Marina decided in 1928 to build new modern units of the same type: were so designed and constructed from 1928-1929 12 explorers light class browsers (Luca tarigo, Lancelotto malocello, Leone Pancaldo, Antonio da noli, Ugolino Vivaldi, António noli, Emanuele Pessagno, Nicoloso da RECCO, Nicolò Zeno, Giovanni da Verazzano, Alvise da mosto and Antonio Pigafetta).
Over the years were framed, as explorers, in Navy also some units from the fleets of other nationalities: Explorer Libya (former Turkish Navy Cruiser Drama) in 1912; explorers Bari (former light cruiser German Pillau Imperial Navy), Ancona (former light cruiser German Imperial Navy graudenz altarpiece) and Taranto (former light cruiser German Imperial Navy Strassburg) in 1920 (all of these units, tonnage between 3800 and 4900 t, were reclassified light cruiser in 1929); Explorer lightweight Premuda (former destroyer v. 116 German Imperial Navy) in 1920 (reclassified destroyers in 1938); Explorer light Caesar Rossarol 2nd (former destroyer b. 97 German Imperial Navy) in 1920 (reclassified destroyers in 1929); explorers Venice (former scout Saida German Imperial Navy) and Brindisi (former scout Heligoland German Imperial Navy) in 1920.


The Explorer Luke Tarigo, first class sailors at sea in the 1930s.
Most of these explorers not played ever the activity that qualification was suggested: in fact, in the first world war the commitment of the Regia Marina was predominantly in the Adriatic Sea, sea of limited size where no mai operating conditions for the movement of large naval teams, under which the explorers had to provide the necessary reconnaissance; in the second world war were already operational conditions historically and technologically changing as reconnaissance had already become irrelevant regia (though the Italian naval operations support was objectively very scarce) and units of type Explorer were quickly reverted for another purpose (mostly Commons to convoys or support landing troops). Almost all explorers of old generation Navy ran out their operational life between the two world wars. Wartime activities took place in World War II only the Bari (sunk in June 1943), Taranto (autoaffondato on 9 September 1943, recovered by Germans and finally sunk on 23 October 1943), the Mirabello (sunk by shock of mina in May 1941) and the Riboty (survived the conflict and deleted in 1950). Among those new generation had short-lived Lion, Tiger and Panther (sunk in April 1941), while all browsers (of which the only da RECCO survived the conflict), reclassified destroyers in 1938, played an extremely intense military activity, employees in multiple roles (Commons team, support landings troops, laying minefields, transport materials and troops, aid to other naval units) but especially in exhausting and risky task Commons to convoys.


Bibliografia [taken from]
• Franco Bargoni. Esploratori Italiani. Roma, Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare ,1996

[steve roberts]

Hi Terry.Thanks a million for that.My translater programme has gone walk-about.Will have to get on to microsoft later and find out why,it was working earlier today on the Link provided on the Korean warship sinking.
Many Regards Steve.

[dorupantos]

After this compendium we can see one or two "esploratori"-photos ?

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear friend Terry,hello!:
Very much thanks for your important help,my wholehearted acknowledge for your excellent work dear friend Terry,!much thanks!.Here in Ciudad Real (Spain) you have a friend.

Pedro

[astraltrader]

Thanks Pedro - although all I did was find the appropriate translation programme! It was an interesting piece to read albeit a bit patchy in places - so thank you for sending it to us. :)

[astraltrader]

After this compendium we can see one or two "esploratori"-photos ?

Hard to know which ones to pick Doru - here are a couple taken at random to give an idea.

The first is of the Leone Class ship - Pantera.

The second picture is taken of Nicoloso Da Recco one from the Navigatori class which were regarded as a slightly more modern form of the earlier exploratori type of destroyer.

[dorupantos]

DEAR PEDRO RUIZ ,
I'm happy you are interested about "esploratore"-class from Regia Marina . They war small or light cruisers, or large destroyers used in WW1 for recognition . Unfortunelly I have little knowledge about esploratori light cruisers but I eat on bread esploratori-destroyers . The AQUILA-class was semnificant because these ships served in Italian , Spanish and Romanian Navy , and they were only four units !!!(Aquila,Nibbio,Sparviero and Falco).
These four ships were loved by the Italian Navy so after they were sold to Romania and Spain , italians baptise two aircraftcarriers in WW2 :AQUILA and SPARVIERO .

[dorupantos]

You can see the same design of italian WW2 'esploratori' with almost the same infrastructure and only two funnels !

[dorupantos]

As a gift dear PEDRO , I post for you your spanish esploratore-leggero CEUTA .

[Pedro Ruíz]

Dear friend Dorupantos,hello!:
Much thanks for your pictures about the Italians "exploratori".I am going to seek more information about the Spanish "exploratori" and afterwards I shall put here.

Doru,best regards,your friend:

Pedro

[dorupantos]

BONUS ! I Salute you dear Pedro !

[dorupantos]

Verry rare pic of esploratore leggero AQUILA .

[jorgeY]

Hi,

I was seeking for information about the esploratori and found this thread. Very interesting indeed.

The reason of my interest is, that two weeks ago I dived to the "Cesare Rossarol", an "esploratore leggero" of the Regia Marina, but a little older as the ones mentioned here. She was builded in 1914 and sank in front of the croatian coast in 1918. I would appreciate any pictures you could have of it.

Here is a short video of the diving (in the beginning another wreck) to the Cesare.

Cheers

jorgeY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J443oItOVkY&feature=player_embedded

[dan sam]

Dear all,

I was looking for some piece of info re Esploratori Leggeri and I got here...

1. Please find attached some pictures of Sparviero / Marasti: 1918, Venice (Sparviero) & 1936, Constanta (Marasti). You could get more info & pics here: Aquila class, 1917 and later (http://romaniaforum.info/board3-marina-romana-romanian-navy/board140-marina-militara-pina-la-1945-warships-before-1945/board139-destroyers-m-class-marasti-marasesti-cantieri-napoletani-c-e-t-t-pattison-1917-1920/383-destroyers-aquila-class-esploratori-leggeri-scout-destroyers-aquila-sparviero-nibbio-falco-marasesti-marasti-1917-and-later/)

2. On this site we try to document the general history of the Balkan region, Romania et al. There is of course a fairly large amount (and getting bigger) of material depicting different navies from the region, starting in the first half of the XIX century - up to appr. 1945...

3. As I said at the beginning, I'm looking for a certain piece of information - specifically the technical drawings of the Esploratori Leggeri above. So far w/o success.

Here my search description:

I'm looking for any construction plans / (yard) drawings / deck photos of the following italian light scouts (Aquila class):

A. Yard: Cantieri Pattison, Naples. 4 identical ships, completed 1917

B. Ship names as commissioned by Regia Marina: Aquila / Falco / Nibbio / Sparviero

C. 1920, Nibbio & Sparviero sold to Romania - renamed Marasti / Marasesti

D. 1937, Aquila & Falco sold to Spain - renamed Mellila / Ceuta

The history of the Pattison yard:

- 1931 merged (together with Bacini & Scali Napoletani) into Officine & Cantieri Partnenopei (O&CP)

- 1939 O&CP (together with Cantiere di Vigliena, Officine Meccaniche e Fonderie and Cantiere Navale di Castellamare di Sabbia) merged into Navalmeccanica (NM)

- 1966 NM (together with Ansaldo di Genova, Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico di Trieste) merged into Italcantieri (IC)

- 1984 IC was consolidated into Gruppo Fincantieri

It would help me also a name / contact data of a archive / yard, where I could continue my above research.

Thank you in advance,
Dan

PS: you could contact me here (http://romaniaforum.info/index.php?page=Index), if you need more info

[dorupantos]

Hello DAN ,
I'm happy you joined this forum , with your knowledge and photos I hope you will improve this thread . As I sad before I'm not an naval-historian , but I'm one of the biggest fans of Romanian Warships !
Congratulations for ROMANIAFORUM !

Best regards !

[astraltrader]

Hello Dan - I cant see why you had to deface your pictures with the watermark of your name as I have long had the same pictures anyway?? :confused:
It is not as if you own the originals in the first place!

For example...

[BlackBat242]

During the WW1 and before, navies classified cruisers by far more than "light" or "heavy".

They were classified by armor scheme (armoured, protected, or "light"), function (scout), or relative fighting power (1st class, 2nd class, 3rd class).

Armoured Cruisers
Large cruisers capable of most cruiser roles. The name is derived from the usage of belt armour in the ships, a feature that had not been practical until the 1890s when new armour types were developed which were light enough to make belt armour of useful thickness practical in a cruiser. The type were superseded by the battlecruiser, although many served in WW1

Protected Cruisers
Cruisers that lacked belt armour but relied on a curved armoured deck to protect the vitals of the ship.

Scout Cruisers
Small, fast cruisers made to act as flotilla leaders for destroyers and to act as scouts.

Light Cruisers
Originally light armoured cruisers indicating the use of belt armour in smaller cruisers. The term was later used to cover most small and medium cruisers.

First/Second/Third Class
Certain roles such as trade protection or colonial police work required a large number of ships that didn't need to be the most powerful types possible. Because of this often the quality of a warship with designated by calling them first, second or third class. First class was the best but most expensive.


Exploratori were what the British, French, and so on called "Destroyer Leaders" or "Scout cruisers".


The USN's Omaha class of "light" cruisers from immediately after WW1 were originally designated "Scout Cruisers" in USN documentation. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cl-4.htm http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/scr.htm

Similarly, the new 8" gun cruisers built by the USN in the late 1920s and early 1930s were originally designated as "Light Cruisers". The USN re-classified all its cruisers into the modern light/heavy categories on 1 July 1931.

[dan sam]

Hello astraltrader,

Sorry, my mistake; please find attached the normal ones.

[astraltrader]

Thanks Dan - that looks a lot better!!

[It is Terry by the way! ;)]