PDA

View Full Version : HMAS Pioneer and HMAS Psyche


herakles
15-12-2008, 07:24
The Pelorus class of ships were protected cruisers meaning they had good deck armour but lacked armour along their sides. Today they are considered to be the forerunner of the light cruisers.

Eleven of these ships were built but were out of date even before launching. Most were scrapped before 1914. Two were SOLD to Australia - HMS Pioneer and HMS Psyche.

This thread concerns HMAS Pioneer and HMAS Psyche.

Displacement: 2135 tons
Length: 95.7 metres (314 ft)
Beam: 11.2 metres (37 ft)
Draught: 5.18 metres (17.0 ft)
Speed: 20.5 knots (38.0 km/h) (design speed)
Complement: 230
Armament: 8 x QF 4-inch (101.6 mm) guns
8 x 3-pounder guns
2 x 14-inch torpedo tubes
Armour: 50 millimetres (2.0 in) deck

Pioneer was one of the first launched (1899) and transferred to the RAN in 1912. She became the first cruiser to belong to the RAN. Her initial duty was training naval reserves, a duty for which she was quite suited. When war broke out in August 1914 the little ship was acting as guard ship in Port Phillip, and was actually under refit at the time. She was, alas, suffering from the dreaded naval disease of ‘condenseritis’, (leaking condenser tubes).

At the outbreak of war, she was ordered to Fremantle Western Australia. On 16 August, some eight miles west of Rottnest Island, PIONEER captured the German steamer NEUMUNSTER (4,424 tons) and took her into Fremantle. On 26 August she captured a second ship, the 4,994 ton Norddeutcher-Lloyd vessel THURINGEN, also off Rottnest Island. NEUMUNSTER was taken over by the Commonwealth Government as a prize of war and renamed COOEE. THURINGEN was renamed MOORA and handed over to the Indian Government for service as a troopship.

She was to take part in the convoy escorting the 1st AIF to the Middle East but she suffered a major engine room problem and was ordered back to port. Just as well for her. Her duty was to have been to steam ahead. Had she done this, she would have detected the Emden with no doubt disastrous results.

On 24 December 1914 the Admiralty requested the aid of PIONEER as a blockading ship on the German East African coast, where the German cruiser KONIGSBERG had taken shelter up one of the mouths of the Rufigi River a few miles south of Zanzibar. The KONIGSBERG at this period was sheltering up the Rufigi River beyond the range of effective fire from the sea but it was thought that she might attempt to break out. The force assembled for this task comprised PIONEER, the light cruisers HMS WEYMOUTH and HMS HYACINTH, HMS PYRAMUS (another of PIONEER’s sister ships), the armed merchant cruiser KINFAUNS CASTLE, four armed whalers, an armed steamer and an armed tug. Formal blockade was proclaimed on 1 March 1915 and five days later Vice Admiral King-Hall arrived in the old battleship HMS GOLIATH to take charge.

it was decided to tow to the scene two monitors, HMS SEVERN and HMS MERSEY, and taking advantage of their shallow draught, take them upstream within range of the enemy. The attack began on 6 July 1915 and while HYACINTH and PIONEER bombarded the area of the main (Simba Uranga) mouth of the river, the monitors steamed up the northern (Kikunya) arm, anchored and began firing alternate salvoes. The monitors, however, failed to destroy the German cruiser and in her turn she hit MERSEY’s foremost gun, killing six men. At 3:30 pm and after firing 600 6-inch shells, both were withdrawn.

The operation was repeated on 12 July. This time KONIGSBERG straddled the SEVERN as she prepared to drop anchor, but SEVERN quickly got the range and hit the German several times, setting her on fire and forcing the enemy to complete demolition after removal of the guns. In the twelve months ending 9 January 1916 PIONEER steamed 29,434 miles, was under way on 287 days and consumed 7,496 tons of coal. She coaled on an average every ninth day (39 coalings) from a total of 17 colliers. She was sixty-eight days in harbour including thirty-six days under refit.

Her final duties were in and around Zanzibar, the only excitement being the capture of a German ship that was pretending to be a hospital ship.

Pioneer finally slipped into Port Jackson just before midnight on the 22nd October 1916, and dropped her pick in Watsons Bay. Her seagoing career was at an end.

Paid off in November 1916, she was used for quite some time as an accommodation ship, and incidentally, the site of the first dental surgery for the RAN. Sold in 1925, she was stripped down to a bare hulk and scuttled in 1931. She is largely forgotten, many present day officers and men have never heard of her, very few relics remain. On show in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, are her binnacle and one of her little 14 inch torpedoes. Little else remains of this very important ship.

It is often stated that Pioneer fired more shots in anger than any other Australian ship in WW1.

HMAS Psyche's life was less adventurous. She spent most of the time patrolling in the Bay of Bengal. However, there was one event worthy of mention. Disease, combined with poor food, inclement weather and dull duties led to dissatisfaction and indiscipline that culminated in several courts martial in February and March 1916. Psyche was recalled to Singapore and an inquiry was held to determine the cause of the indiscipline and recommend measures to correct it. Psyche returned to duty in the Bay of Bengal in April 1916 and in June 1916 she was redeployed to Hong Kong to patrol off the South Coast of China and Indo-China. Poor conditions continued to prevail aboard and in July 1916 almost a half of of the crew were suffering from illness.

She was recalled to Australia in September 1917, and paid off. She was recommissioned for patrol work off the eastern Australian coast in November and remained a commissioned vessel of the RAN until March 1918. Psyche was finally sold in 1922 and ended her days as a timber lighter.

(With help from the Naval Historical Society of Australia, the Australian War Memorial and the official site of the RAN.)

kookaburra
15-12-2008, 12:24
Well done monitors (signal from HMS Weymouth).

The blockading of the Konigsberg (a sister ship of the Emden) in the Rufiya River delta lasted eight months before the monitors Humber, Severn and Mersey were arduously towed from the Mediterranean down the East coast Africa, the last two mentioned here being the agents of her destruction, particularly HMS Severn.

And the reason HMAS Pioneer fired more shots in action than any other RAN ship in WW1 was that she took part in bombardments at Dar-es-Salaam and elsewhere during the campaign against German possessions in East Africa, and in supressing spotters during the entry of the monitors into the delta.

In fact, it emerged from German accounts after the war that the Konigsberg had a spotter in a tub sunken into the river mud less that 30 yards from where Severn was moored during her bombardment - the reason that the initial German fire against her was so accurate. Then his telephone line cable back to the German ship was severed by a chance shell.

The British assault was assisted by two spotter planes, and one was shot down - and earlier there had been confusion aboard the monitors as to which ship he was giving spotting directions, so after that they proceeded up the river singly for the next round.

I always thought that there was a wonderfully exotic, frontier character to this whole campaign, which would have made a great film, with a touch of The African Queen quality to the whole scene.

Here are a couple of pictures of the monitors during and and after the action, and the remains of the Konigsberg. Her guns were removed for use elsewhere in the East Africa campaigns, and just as there is a gun from the Emden in Hyde Park in Sydney, one of Konigsberg's guns is preserved at Mombasa, closed to one from her earlier victim, HMS Pegasus, who was out-matched and caught at anchor. There is also a second gun from the Konigsberg in another of the African cities, but I forget just where right now.

herakles
15-12-2008, 15:25
There was a book and a film of the book:

Wilbur Smith; Shout At The Devil Pan Books (1976)

It's a fictionalised account but follows the story fairly well.

kookaburra
15-12-2008, 16:54
That's one I've completely missed. Have to look it out. Thanks.

herakles
16-12-2008, 02:41
My pleasure. The book also deals with an aspect of German colonialism in Africa, specifically Tanganyika.

The film is not so good however.

kookaburra
16-12-2008, 05:20
I was reading somewhere on the Konigsberg websites that the Germans pursued enlighhtened policies towards local peoples and that it benefitted them greatly in terms of the local support their cause was given - and that the British were consequently required to court the locals favour more avidly.

But the Africans had some amusing ways of judging which was the greater power. In naval terms, for example, they regarded a three funnelled ship as infinitely more powerful than a two funnelled one. Undoubtedly a bit later they would have regarded those 'three funnelled bastards' of the County and Kent classes as most impressive.

herakles
16-12-2008, 05:33
Enlightened policies are not what the book says! But it is a book of fiction.

I'd like to know what "enlightened" means! As I see things. all the Colonial powers treated the locals with disdain and bullying.

kookaburra
16-12-2008, 06:01
Enlightened policies are not what the book says! But it is a book of fiction.

I'd like to know what "enlightened" means! As I see things. all the Colonial powers treated the locals with disdain and bullying.

Well, I guess the European attitude of superiority and 'The White Man's Burden' were common currency then. I happened to have this old postcard at home: I wonder what Mr Jack Woodrow of Wandsworth Common thought of the 'Kaffirs' who came in the postcard as his Christmas Greeting in 1905.

Look at that lazy bugger stretched out in front with goats lying all over him!


I guess you would have read in the HMAS Pioneer anecdotes that she took two Arab collaborators back to one of the islands for execution by a local firing squad in a town square on one occasion (I can't re-find it just now, so I'm no longer sure where it was), and that they landed an armed party of 50 men to witness the executions (just to ensure they were carried out, I assume). Ah well. Times past.

herakles
16-12-2008, 06:14
Surgeon Lieutenant Melville-Anderson in his diary records that at 8:30 am on 20 November 1915 PIONEER landed fifty men on Mafia Island, off the East African coast, to witness the shooting of two Arabs.

‘These Arabs’, Melville-Anderson wrote, ‘had assisted some Germans to cross from the mainland under cover of night to obtain military information. They gave them shelter and native clothing, thus enabling them to get about the island undetected. But, they were discovered and the two Arabs, after being court-martialled, were sentenced to be shot. The sentence was carried out in the Market Place to impress the natives and we were drawn up in the Square. The Arabs were each bound to two upright poles, blind-folded and handcuffed and the firing party of Askaris (native troops) fired a volley. Another medical officer and myself examined them and considered life extinct in one, but not the other so it was decided to fire another volley.’



I have a picture of an English sahib seated on a throne like chair and below on his hands and knees is a native licking his boots.

kookaburra
16-12-2008, 07:17
Mafia Island! How could I have forgotten it?

Here's another postcard, from 1901 this time, and I think that could just be one of our little Pelorus Class cruisers - Pioneer or Psyche - in the background. But, what we need here, are DFO or one of the other experts from 'Mystery Ships Quiz' to clearly determine that question.

Regarding the Mafia Island incident, here's another episode from life on these obsolescent little cruisers doing patrol work far from the main theatres of war, but in exotic places. Dudley Ricketts was a Petty Officer on HMAS Psyche: He writes ...

While Psyche was in Hong Kong, turbulence in China had led the authorities to fear for the safety of the European population in Canton. The Royal Navy decided to send a gunboat up river to evacuate them, and I was ordered to join its crew. So the gunboat Moorhen was commissioned, and sailed for Canton, coming under sporadic fire en route: It was then that I received my one and only war wound, when a bullet hit the plating close to me, and the nickel shell hit me on the side of the face and went through to take a tooth out.

In some places, especially on turns, we often went close to one or other bank and on one occasion, an old Chinese man threw mud at us, but a burst of machine gun fire over his head sent him scurrying for his life.

About halfway to Canton, we met a mission steamer which had aboard most of the Europeans who wanted to leave Canton, so we returned to Hong Kong, and the Moorhen was paid off, and we returned to HMAS Psyche


The rest of his reminiscences on the Naval Historical Society of Australia's website are also well worth reading for an authentic feel of the times. They are particularly interesting because life aboard Psyche was clearly quite horrific, with bad food and illness rife, in these tropic climes. It's two pages, and you can read it here ...



http://www.navyhistory.org.au/hmas-psyche-1915/2/

kookaburra
16-12-2008, 09:39
Monsters of the deep

Another extract from the reminiscences of Petty Officer Dudley Ricketts from the Naval Historical Society of Australia's website (Ricketts served in the RAN from 1913 to 1923, and re-joined for the next round in 1940. He appears to have written quite a lot on his naval years, including his time aboard the first HMAS Mildura.

This is aboard HMAS Psyche in the Indian Ocean, and refers to witnessing (1) a surface battle between a whale and a giant squid; and (2) the sinking by gunfire of a giant, dead turtle, 6ft. by 8ft, which was initially thought to have been a piece of wreckage from a ship sunk in the area and a danger to shipping.


Here's the extract:

During our wanderings in the area, we experienced a number of adventures and saw some unusual sights. At one time, a ship - I think it was the Warwickshire - was mined not far from Colombo (the mine had probably been laid by the German raider Wolf).

We were not far from the spot where she went down, when we saw something on the surface about a mile away, and we circled it slowly to examine it. It looked to be about eight feet long and five or six feet wide, and floated well out of the water - a dirty white colour, with weeds and barnacles growing on it.

We closed it and opened fire with rifles, and could hear the bullets ricocheting away from it. We then fired at it with three pounder guns, and the little shells burst on it, but did no damage; so we fired a four inch gun at it, and the second shell split it open, and we lowered a boat and went to examine it. It turned out to be a huge turtle, which appeared to have been dead, and kept afloat by gases inside it.

Once we sailed close to where a terrific fight was going on between a Sperm Whale and a huge Squid. The whale was enormous, and the squid had terribly long tentacles, which it seemed to be trying to use to cover the whale’s blow hole to suffocate it.


And some more pics of Pioneer (pic 1,5&6) and Psyche: