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View Full Version : SS Ohio and Malta - American or British?


herakles
06-04-2008, 21:16
The Ohio was launched in 1940. She was owned by Texaco and at the time was the largest oil tanker in the world, capable of carrying 170,000 barrels of oil.

In late May 1942, Ohio entered the Clyde and discharged a huge cargo of petrol. The Captain received a telegram, congratulating him and his crew for bringing the first US petrol to Britain. The same day, Texaco received a telegram telling them that Ohio was being requestioned by the Admiralty. After 2 weeks of intense US-UK negotiations, the ship was duly confiscated and a British crew went on board.

The Admiralty had decided the Ohio was needed as part of Operation Pedastal, a massive convoy to Malta. The convoy left on August 2nd with Ohio full of diesel and kerosene. She was the only tanker in this convoy. They reached Gibraltar 10th August and the following day HMS Eagle - an aircraft carrier - was destroyed by German and Italian planes.

The convoy was under constant attack and on the 12th Ohio was hit amidships by an Italian torpedo. Badly damaged and on fire it was at first thought she was lost but the fires were extinguished and the ship limped on. She was now constantly under attack, at one stage from 60 Stukas. She was hit time and time again but still staggered on.

One attack knocked out the engines but the crew managed to start them again. Another salvo of bombs knocked out the engines again and the ship now in danger of sinking, stopped. The crew abandoned ship and were taken on-board HMS Penn. This ship then left in order to assist the crippled HMS Manchester.

Later she returned and a tow line was used. Ohio was hit yet again and her back was broken. Penn tried to tow her but made almost no headway. They were joined by HMS Rye and together they started making headway. They were then joined by HMS Ledbury and HMS Bramham. Ledbury propped the Ohio up. Still the attacks continued and one bomb landing very close, pushed Ohio forward, causing the tow to break.

It was decided that the only way to keep Ohio afloat was to place ships on either side of her and Ledbury and Penn took up their positions there. Somehow they negotiated the difficult entrance and minefield to Grand Harbour and tugs were able to make secure and finish the task of getting her safely inside. The kerosene was discharged as quickly as possible as Ohio continued to sink. She bottomed on the sea floor then broke in half.

Later her captain, Dudley Mason, was awarded the George Cross. The Ledbury's captain, Lt. Commander Hill, received a "Well Done!" telegram from Winston Churchill.

Batstiger
06-04-2008, 21:37
If you want a good read Herk clock on to this site!

http://www.maltaconvoyaug42.freewebspace.com/waimarama.html

Bob.

herakles
06-04-2008, 22:19
Thanks Bob. I do know of this aspect of the convoy.

I decided to omit reference to the destruction of the Waimarama when writing this account of Ohio. The Ledbury captain was certainly very busy at the time, rescuing survivors as well as then going on to prop up the Ohio.

I was surprised that he wasn't singled out for an award. Later he went on to further glory with, I think, Arctic convoys. He has to have been one of the most successful RN commanders of the war.

Robert McDougall
15-04-2008, 08:54
I remember reading the book Operation Pedestal when I was at school, about that convoy and Ohio. From what I can remember was that Ohio was earmarked early on when they planned for this convoy. One of the reasons was due to mounting of the prop shaft in isolating bearings, rubber mounted I think. This meant she could absorb more punishment and shaft misalignment. That she got through was amazing they planned for a high loss rate on this convoy.
It'll be great to reread this book and others I read when I was a kid.

bob shayler
11-05-2008, 16:52
Hi Herakles,
Just bought an old book, Merchant Ships, Talbot Booth, 1943 and Ohio is listed in here as built in 1940 as you said, 9,500 tons and is the British Empire section listed as owned by the 'Eagle Oil and Shipping Company Ltd'.
Looks like a brilliant reference book with 2,400 line drawings of ships, 840 line drawings of House Flags, 1520 lines drawings of funnels for recognition, hundreds of photo's and about 2,000 pages. Will keep me going for years,
regards,
Bob

culverin
10-07-2011, 19:22
OHIO.
Named after the American state of course,
so has to be pronounced Oh HIO.

However, i believe she was always affectionately referred to by her crew as the.
O H TEN.

tim lewin
11-07-2011, 04:37
one of the best accounts of Pedestal is Peter Smith's revised edition of his book on the subject; the two destroyers who guided her into Grand Harbour were not for buoyancy, they were for steering as Ohio's rudder was jambed over and she was very difficult to manoevre. She did actually sink, settle on the bottom, inside GH after her eventual delivery on 15th Aug, Santa Maria Day...
Ultimately she was cut in half and sunk by gunfire at sea after the war but i beleive the after-part was used for accomodation for a while.
tim

PS. the other excellent account of convoy is the old Ch.4 doco which i am told is available on youtube (U-toob?) but if anyone would like to "borrow" a copy i am happy to oblige

Old Salt
11-07-2011, 09:26
In answer to the first question, I am sure both America and Britain are happy to share the memory of this grand old ship.

Wiki says this was a ' Texaco ' ship ..... other sources say 'Eagle Oil (US), then transferred to Eagle Oil (UK) Ltd. for the Pedestal convoy.

Knowing nought about US oil companies at all, perhaps a member can enlighten us ?

Brian

patroclus
11-07-2011, 10:06
The OHIO was built for The Texas Oil Company (Texaco).

She was transferred to British Registry in July, 1942 and came under management of the Eagle Oil and Shipping Co. Ltd. (owned by Shell) and a British crew took over in time for "Pedestal". The Eagle Oil and Shipping Co. Ltd. were the owners of another famous tanker, SAN DEMETRIO.

So, it seems that she was US owned but under British management.

Mitch Hinde
12-07-2011, 14:57
Hi All

There are great first hand accounts of the struggle to keep Ohio going by the Commanding Officers of Ledbury and Ohio in Lost Voices of the Royal Navy between pages 347 and 371. Part of the problem was not only the jammed rudder of the Ohio but a large section of plating sticking out of her side acting as another rudder continually sending her off course.

Mitch Hinde